(p. 2) akṣara any of the letters of the alphabet; a syllable; (fig.) a symbolic letter. ̃জীবী, ̃জীবক n. a scribe; a copyist; a printer or compositor, a writer. ̃পরিচয় n. acquaintance with the alphabet; commencement of education; literacy; (fig.) elementary knowledge. ̃বিন্যাস n. the characteristic style of handwriting. ̃বৃত্ত n. (pros.) a system of versification in which the number of letters and not the sounds in a line is taken into account. ̃মালা n. the alphabet. ̃যোজক n. a compositor. অক্ষরীকরণ n. transliteration. অক্ষরে অক্ষরে to the letter, word for word. verbatim; (fig.) with strict exactitude, rigorously. 95)

(p. 7) agra the top, the summit; an apex; an end or extremity; the front; the front portion; the surface or the portion at the surface (দধির অগ্র); an aim, a purpose (একাগ্র). a. first, foremost, primary, leading; chief; anterior. ̃ক্রয়াধিকার n. the right of pre-emption. ̃গণ্য a. deserving first preference or consideration or mention; foremost; best; principal. ̃গতি, ̃গমন n. forward movement, advancement; progress, promotion, development, increase; (astr.) progressive motion, progression. ̃গামী a. moving forward or to the front; leading; progressive. fem. ̃গামিনী । ̃জ a. born earlier, senior in age, elder, older. n. the eldest or an elder brother. ̃জিহ্বা n. the uvula, the epiglottis. ̃জ্ঞান n. foreknowledge; anticipation. ̃ণী a. leading, chief, best. n. a leader; an inaugurator or initiator; a pioneer. ̃দত্ত n. imprest money. ̃দানী n. a Brahmin (ব্রাহ্মণ) who receives offerings on behalf of a dead person's soul and consequently is socially degraded. ̃দূত n. (mil.) a pioneer; an escort, a guide; a leader; (loos.) a forerunner, a precursor, a harbinger. ̃নেতা n. a leader; an army commander. ̃পশ্চাত্ adv. considering what is before and after; having foresight and hindsight; pro and con; comprehensively. ̃বর্তী a. situated in the front; leading; advanced. fem. ̃বর্তিনী । ভাগ n. the first part or share; top peak; an extremity or end. ̃মহিষী n. the queen-consort. ̃সর, ̃সার a. going first or commencing, leading; moving forward, advancing. ̃সরণ n. advancement. অগ্রসর হওয়া v. to move forward, to advance; to progress. ̃স্হ, ̃স্হিত a. situated in the front, on the top or at end, apical. 14)

(p. 9) aṅkura a sprout, a shoot; a sapling; blossom (চূতাঙ্কুর); germ; origination, birth, germination (ভাবের অঙ্কুর); anything newly born or commenced; a beginning; an end or tip (তৃণাঙ্কুর, ভগ্নাঙ্কুর) অঙ্কুরে বিনাশ করা v. to nip in the bud. অঙ্কুরিত a. sprouted; germinated; published, revealed. অঙ্কুরিত হওয়া v. to sprout; to germinate. অঙ্কুরোদয়, অঙ্কুরোদ্গম n. germination, sprouting, blossoming; commencement, beginning. 11)

(p. 26) anārabdha not (yet) begun or commenced; not (yet) undertaken. 73)

(p. 26) anārambha non-commencement. 74)

(p. 37) anuṣṭhātā one who introduces, or initiates or begins; one who does or performs or executes or renders a work, ceremony etc. n. an introducer or initiator, a commencer; a doer, a performer; an organizer. fem. অনুষ্ঠাত্রী । 9)

(p. 37) anuṣṭhāna commencement, beginning, introduction, initiation, performance, execution, celebration; function or ceremony; a ritual. অনুষ্ঠান করা v. to arrange for; to perform, to hold, to execute, to organize, to celebrate, to render; to observe (a rite etc.). ̃সূচি n. agenda. 10)

(p. 123) ārabdha that which has been undertaken or begun. আরব্ধ কার্য n. a task undertaken or commenced. 38)

(p. 123) ārabhamāṇa in a state of being commenced or undertaken; about to commence. 39)

(p. 123) ārambha commencement, inception, beginning, start; origin, birth; introduction; a prologue. আরম্ভ করা v. to commence, to begin, to start; to introduce. আরম্ভ হওয়া v. to commence; to begin, to start; to originate; to take birth; to be introduced. ̃ক a. & n. one who commences or introduces. আরম্ভিক a. relating to inception or beginning; starting; introductory. 41)

(p. 126) āsā2 to come; to appear; to come up; to arrive (ট্রেন আসা); to reach, to come up to (মুখ পর্যন্ত আসা); to commence, to begin (জ্বর আসা); to set in (শরত্ আসা); to be excited with (আবেগ আসা); to rise, to crop up (মনে আসা); to enter (ঘরে আসা); to attack, to come upon (ঢুলুনি আসা); to be struck with (ভয় আসা); to be supplied with (কথা আসা); to be filled with (চোখে জল আসা); to take place, to occur, to come about (বিপদ আসা); to be earned, to accrue (টাকা আসা); to be on the point of (ফুরিয়ে আসা). a. that which has come (কাছে আসা) n. act of coming; arrival. এগিয়ে আসা v. to come up, to advance. আসা-যাওয়া n. come-and-go. উঠে আসা v. to come up; to get up; to remove; to get loose, to be detached, to come off (ছাল উঠে আসা). কথা আসা v. to be able to speak. কাছে আসা v. to come or draw near, to come by; to approach. কাজে আসা, ব্যবহারে আসা v. to be of use, to be useful, to be serviceable. কান্না আসা v. to feel like crying or weeping. নেমে আসা v. to come down; to get down; to alight; to descend; to dismount. নিভে আসা v. to get dimmer and dimmer. নিয়ে আসা v. to bring along, bring with oneself; to fetch. ফিরে আসা v. to come back, to return. ফুরিয়ে আসা v. to be about to be exhausted; to be about to end. ফেলে আসা v. to leave behind. বহে আসা v. to flow down, to stream down; to come along. বেয়ে আসা v. to come steering along. বাইরে আসা v. to come out, to emerge. ভিতরে আসা v. to come in, to enter. রেখে আসা same as ফেলে আসা । 153)

(p. 157) udbōdha awakening of knowledge in one's mind, enlightenment; recollection. ̃ক a. & n. (of) one who or that which enlightens or awakens knowledge (in); (of) one who or that which incites or excites or inspires; (of) one who or that which enkindles; (of) one who or that which brings back to mind. ̃ন n. act of awakening knowledge (in), enlightenment; awakening; commencement or inauguration or opening. উদ্বোধন বা উদ্ধোধনী সংগীত an opening song. 17)

(p. 159) upakrama state or being on the point of or about to; endeavour, effort; beginning, commencement, start, outset. উপক্রম করা v. to be about to or on the point of; to endeavour; to be about to commence. উপক্রম হওয়া v. to be about to be or on the point of being; to be about to be commenced. ̃ণিকা n. beginning, commencement, outset; an introduction, a preface, a prelude. ̃ণীয় a. that which should be begun or undertaken. 49)

(p. 159) upakrānta begun; commenced; started, undertaken. 50)

(p. 165) upalakṣaṇa a presage; an omen; an ominous sign; a prelude; state of being at the point of commencement; an incidental (as opposed to an essential) characteristic or feature. 36)

(p. 208) kalpa2 one of the principal and most ancient Hindu scriptures forming a part of the Vedic literature (also কল্পসূত্র); one whole day of Brahma (ব্রহ্মা) amounting to 432, years (কল্পান্তে); universal annihilation; a scriptural direction (নবম্যাদি কল্প); a ritual rule or a holy time (কল্পারম্ভ); object, aim (রক্ষাকল্পে); resolution (দৃঢ়কল্প); a side or party (মুখ্যকল্প). ̃তরু, ̃দ্রুম, ̃বৃক্ষ n. a (mythological) wishing-tree; (fig.) an extremely liberal and generous person. ̃লতা n. a paradisiacal creeper. ̃লোক n. a fancied land where everything is good and available, a dreamland, a Utopia, Elysium. কল্পান্ত n. end or termination of one whole day of Brahma (ব্রহ্মা); universal annihilation. কল্পান্তর n. another whole day and night of Brahma (ব্রহ্মা). কল্পান্তস্হায়ী a. everlasting, eternal. কল্পারম্ভ n. beginning or commencement of a day of Brahma (ব্রহ্মা); commencement of a holy tide. 87)

(p. 228) kārya (for.) a work, an action; a deed; a duty; a task; a job; an occupation; use, service; ceremony, rite (শ্রাদ্ধকার্য); profession, function; a purpose, an object, a motive (কোন কার্যে এসেছ); effect, good result, benefit (এতে কোনো কার্য দর্শাবে না). ̃কর a. effective; feasible; serviceable. fem কার্যকরী । কার্যকরী সমিতি n. working committee. ̃করতা n. effectiveness; feasibility; serviceability. ̃কলাপ n. acts and deeds, doings, actions. কারণ ভাব n. causality. ̃কারণসম্বন্ধ n. causal connection or relation. ̃কারিতা same as কার্যকারিতা । ̃কারী same as কার্যকর । fem. কার্যকারিণী । ̃কাল n. the period during which a work is done; working period, working hours; the period or term of service. ̃কুশল a. expert; skilful, adroit; clever. ̃ক্রম n. a programme. ̃ক্রমে adv. in course of business. ̃ক্ষম a. competent; capable or fit for work. ̃ক্ষেত্র n. the field of action; the sphere of activities. ̃গতিকে adv. on business; by way of business; in course of business. ̃চ্যুত a. removed from office, dismissed (from service); cashiered. ̃চ্যুতি n. removal from office, dismissal (from service); cashierment. ̃ঞ্চাগে adv. to begin with (used often unnecessarily, in the beginning of the reading matter of a letter or legal deed). ̃ত adv. actually, indeed; as a matter of fact. ̃দক্ষ same as কার্যকুশল । ̃ধারা n. same as কার্যপদ্ধতি । ̃নির্বাহ n. execution of a work. ̃নির্বাহী, ̃নির্বাহক a. executing, executive; working (কার্যনির্বাহক সভাপতি). ̃নিয়ম n. rules of business. ̃নির্বাহী সমিতি n. an executive committee. ̃পঞ্জি n. the calendar. ̃পদ্ধতি, ̃প্রণালী n. the mode or process of work, procedure, modus operandi. ̃পরম্পরা n. a regular succession of work. ̃বশত adv. for the sake of work or business; on business. ̃বাহ n. proceedings. ̃বিবরণ, ̃বিবরণী n. the report of a work or proceedings. ̃বৃত্ত n. minutes (of a meeting). ̃ব্যপদেশে same as কার্যগতিকে and কার্যবশত । ̃ভার n. the charge of a task; the burden or pressure of work. ̃সমাধা n. completion of work. ̃সম্পাদন n. performance or completion of work. ̃সিদ্ধি n. accomplishment of a work or task; realization of an end. ̃স্হান n. a place of work or business. কার্যাকার্য n. what ought to be done and what ought not to be done; proper and improper work. কার্যাকার্য বিচার n. discrimination between proper and improper work or between right and wrong. কার্যাধ্যক্ষ n. a superintendent, a supervisor, an overseer, a manager. কার্যানুরোধে same as কার্যবশত । কার্যান্তর n. another work; a different work. কার্যার্থ same as কার্যবশত । কার্যারম্ভ n. the beginning of a work; commencement of work or working hours; inauguration of an institution or firm or any similar establishment. কার্যালয় n. an office. কার্যোদ্ধার same as কার্যসিদ্ধি । 47)

(p. 327) grahaṇa2 an eclipse. গ্রহণ ছাড়ে v. an eclipse ends. গ্রহণ লাগে v. an eclipse begins or starts. গ্রহণ হয় v. an eclipse takes place or occurs. ̃মোক্ষ n. end of an eclipse. ̃স্হিতি n. duration of an eclipse. ̃স্পর্শ n. commencement of an eclipse. পূর্ণগ্রহণ n. total eclipse. খণ্ডগ্রহণ n. partial eclipse. 7)

(p. 329) ghaṭashāpana, ghaṭashāpanā ceremonial placing of a pitcher full of holy water on the altar making the commencement of worship. 12)

(p. 377) chān̐dā to pack or wrap (chiefly used as a correl. of বাঁধা); to bind, to tie, to tether the hind feet of a cow at the time of milking; to commence (গল্প ছাঁদা, বাড়ি ছাঁদা); to design, to plan, to contrive, to contemplate (ফন্দি ছাঁদা). a. designed, planned, contrived, contemplated; commenced, started. n. a packet of food that a guest takes or manages to obtain from his host to carry home. 12)

(p. 400) juḍ়ā, jōḍ়ā to join; to add; to affix, to attach; to cement or plaster (ফাটল জোড়া); to yoke or harness (লাঙ্গলে বলদ জোড়া, গাড়িতে ঘোড়া জুড়ল); to begin, to commence (গল্প জোড়া); to spread over, to pervade, to cover (দেশ জোড়া). 137)

(p. 419) ṭāna a pull or tug (জোর টান); attraction (স্নেহের টান); attachment, affection (ছেলের প্রতি টান); a drawing in, a pull (সিগারেটের টান); tightness, tension (গেরোটায় বেশ টান আছে); want, need, shortage, scarcity (পয়সার টান); demand (বাজারে ভাল বইয়ের টান); difficult breathing, spasm (হাঁপানির টান); style of writing or painting, flourish (লেখায় সুন্দর টান); quick and rather interwoven style of writing as of a veteran writer (টানের লেখা); manner of speaking or pronouncing (কথার টান); provincialism or typical intonation (উচ্চারণে যশুরে টান); consumption (পোলাওতে খুব টান); stretch (এক টানে); current (নদীতে খুব টান); force (স্রোতের টান); contraction (শিরার টান); (math. & phys.) tension, strain. টান দেওয়া v. to pull, to tug; to give a pull; to draw in (as smoke); to snatch; to flourish; to pronounce or speak with provincial accent or intonation or in a peculiar manner. টান ধরা v. to be in short supply, to run short (পয়সার টান ধরা); to contract (শিরায় টান ধরা); to have fits of spasm (হাঁপানির টান ধরা); to commence to dry up (ঘায়ে টান ধরা). টানটান a. fully stretched out (টানটান হয়ে শোওয়া); very tight or tense; full of vanity or arrogance (টানটান কথা). টান-টোন n. pl. strokes and flourishes (as in calligraphy or drawing). একটানে adv. in a single tug or pull; at a stretch. 77)

(p. 436) ḍērā a temporary abode, a modest lodging; a hutment, tented accommodation. ডেরা গাড়া, ডেরা বাঁধা v. to come to lodge or to commence to lodge, to take up one's lodging; to build a temporary hut, to pitch a tent. ডেরা তোলা v. to cease to lodge, to remove from a lodging; to demolish one's hutment; to strike the tent. ̃ডাণ্ডা n. a lodging and furniture; a tent and its equipage or accessories. 23)

(p. 532) dharā2 to hold with the hand (বইখানা ধরো); to catch (বলটা ছুড়ে দিচ্ছি-ধরো); to hold, to seize; to take (এই ভিক্ষা দিলাম-ধরো); to touch (চোর-চোর খেলায় বুড়ি ধরা, বাচ্ছাটা যেন গরম দুধটা না ধরে); to reach (হাত দিয়ে চাঁদ ধরা); to overtake (যতই জোরে যাও-তোমাকে ধরব); to arrest, to apprehend, to capture (চোর ধরা); to entrap, to catch (বাঘ ধরা, মাছ ধরা); to restrain, to check; to hold (পাখিটাকে ধরো নইলে পালিয়ে যাবে); to contain, to hold, to accommodate (পাত্রে জল ধরা, ঘরে লোক ধরা); to bear (গাছে ফল ধরা); to carry, to bear (গর্ভে ধরা); to cherish (অন্তরে উচ্চাশা ধরা); to wear, to put on (বেশ ধরা); to assume (মূর্তি ধরা); to take to, to resort to (লাঠি ধরা); to be obstinate about (গোঁ ধরা); to take up (অস্ত্র ধরা); to follow (পথ ধরা); to give support to (লোকটিকে ধরো নইলে পড়ে যাবে); to attack (ডাকাতে ধরা, রোগে ধরা); to affect or infect (চোখে চালশে ধরা, যক্ষায় ধরা); to ache (মাথা ধরা); to be benumbed (দাঁড়িয়ে থেকে থেকে পা ধরা); to infest or attack or damage or contact (পোকায় ধরা, মরচে ধরা); to accept, to take in (ছবিতে রং ধরা); to act upon successfully, to work (ওষুধ ধরা); to start practising (জুয়াচুরি ধরা); to be accustomed or addicted to (নেশা ধরা); to be under the influence of (নেশায় ধরা); to be stricken or affected with (শীতে বা ভয়ে ধরা); to catch or board or embark (তিনি মুম্বই থেকে জাহাজ ঝরবেন); to be in time to catch (এখন না গেলে ট্রেন ধরতে পারব না); to stop at, to touch (এ স্টেশনে মেল ট্রেন ধরে না); to terminate, to cease (বৃষ্টি ধরা); to commence, to begin, to start (গান ধরা); to find out, to detect (ভূল ধরা); to impose or assess (ট্যাক্স ধরা); to charge or fix or ascertain (দাম ধরা); to pronounce, to utter (ঈশ্বরের নাম ধরা); to declare, to stake or bet or bid (বাজি ধরা); to insist upon, to beseech (অনেক ধরে-করে); to sustain, to preserve, to maintain (প্রাণ করা); to run hoarse, to choke (ঠাম্ডায় গলা ধরা); to grasp, to make out, to understand, to comprehend (কথার অর্থ ধরা); to determine or discern (কার লেখা ধরা শক্ত); to take fire, to ignite (উনুন ধরা); to catch fire (আগুনের কাছ থেকে সরে যাও-কাপড় ধরে যাবে); to be set on (ঘরে আগুন ধরা); to adopt (সেলিম জাহাঙ্গির নাম ধরলেন); to test (পড়া ধরা); to be pleasing or acceptable to (মনে ধরা); to turn (চুলে পাক ধরা); to be under, to contact (টান ধরা); to count, to consider, to regard (মানুষের মধ্যে ধরা); to pay heed to, to listen to (আমার কথা ধরো); to be overfried or overdone (তরকারিটা ধরে গেছে) a. held; caught; seized; arrested, apprehended, captured; entrapped; contained; reserved or kept in a container; aching; terminated, ceased; commenced, started; found out, detected; seen through (চালাকি ধরা পড়েছে); declared or bidden; fixed or ascertained; run hoarse or choked; ignited; tested; one who or that which holds or catches (মাছ-ধরা জাল). ধরা-ছোঁয়া n. proximity; reach; tangibility; (fig.) comprehension or detection. ধরা-ছোঁয়ার বাইরে distant; beyond reach; intangible; (fig.) incomprehensible or beyond detection. ধরাছোঁয়ার মধ্যে proximate; within reach; tangible; (fig.) comprehensible or detectable. ধরানো v. to cause to hold or catch or seize or arrest or apprehend or entrap or contain or accommodate or wear or assume or take to or resort to or follow or take up or be attacked or ache or be dazed or be benumbed or contact or accept or work successfully or be accustomed to or addicted to or practise or board or embark or be in time to catch or terminate or commence or find out or detect or declare or bid or buy a ticket of or lie obstinately at or charge or fix or ascertain or run hoarse or choke or ignite or be set or adopt or test or be pleasing or acceptable to or turn or be under; to set to (ঘরে আগুন ধরানো). ̃ধরি n. persistent request; importunities; insistent solicitation; rounding up, arrests. ̃বাঁধা a. rigidly fixed; hard and fast; rigid; fixed. 11)

(p. 563) nāmā3 to come or go down, to get down, to descent, to alight; to climb down; to dismount (ঘোড়া থেকে নামা); to disembark, to get out of (জাহাজ বা গাড়ি থেকে নামা); to go down into (জলে নামা); to stoop, to incline, to slope, to become lower or depressed, to sink (ঘরের ছাদ নেমে গেছে, পথ নেমে গেছে); to decrease, to abate, to fall (জ্বর নামা, দর নামা); to go down, to set (সূর্য পশ্চিমে নেমেছে); to set in, to ensue, to commence (বৃষ্টি নেমেছে); to appear in (আসরে নামা); to come out in (পথে নামা); to take part, to join (তর্কে নামা); to flow out, to ooze, to stream (ঘাম নামা, চোখের জল নামা); to be degraded or demoted (উঁচু পদ থেকে নামা, ক্লাস থেকে নামা); to be depraved (ছেলেটা অনেক দূর থেকে নেমে গেছে); to quote a lower price or easier terms (সে আর নামবে না তা লেন-দেন হোক আর না হোক); to have loose motions or diarrhoea (পেট নামা). a. depressed, sunk (নামা জায়গা). 37)